Complete guide

Second passport

A second passport unlocks visa-free travel, tax planning, and a genuine Plan B. Whether through investment, ancestry, or naturalisation — there are faster and cheaper routes than most people realise.

How do you get a second passport?

There are three main routes to a second passport: citizenship by investment (CBI), where you make a qualifying financial contribution; citizenship by descent, where you claim nationality through ancestry; and naturalisation, where you reside in a country long enough to qualify. CBI is fastest but most expensive, descent is free but limited by bloodline, and naturalisation takes years but is open to almost anyone.

78
Passport programmes
$100k
Cheapest route
2-3 mo
Fastest processing

All 78 second passport programmes

🇦🇱

Albanian Citizenship by Descent

Albania

From
Free
Processing
9 mo
🇦🇷

Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)

Argentina

From
Free
Processing
9 mo
🇦🇲

Armenian Citizenship by Descent

Armenia

From
Free
Processing
3 mo
🇦🇺

Australian Citizenship by Descent

Australia

From
AUD $370
Processing
7 mo
🇦🇹

Citizenship by Descent (Nazi-Era Persecution)

Austria

From
Free
Processing
6 mo
🇧🇪

Belgian Citizenship by Descent

Belgium

From
Free
Processing
6 mo
🇧🇷

Brazilian Citizenship for Descendants of Italian/Japanese/German/Polish Emigrants

Brazil

From
Consular: R$200-500; Judicial: R$3,000-8,000
Processing
9 mo
🇧🇷

Citizenship by Descent

Brazil

From
Legal fees ~$2,000
Processing
24 mo
🇧🇬

Bulgarian Citizenship by Descent

Bulgaria

From
Application fees apply
Processing
18 mo
🇭🇷

Croatian Citizenship by Descent

Croatia

From
€139.36 administrative fee
Processing
18 mo
🇨🇿

Citizenship by Descent

Czechia

From
Legal fees ~$2,000
Processing
12 mo
🇩🇰

Danish Citizenship by Descent

Denmark

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇪🇪

Citizenship by Descent

Estonia

From
Free
Processing
12 mo
🇩🇲

CBI Programme

Dominica

From
$200k donation or $200k real estate
Processing
3 mo
🇦🇬

CBI Programme

Antigua and Barbuda

From
$230k donation or $300k real estate
Processing
3 mo
🇦🇷

Argentina CBI Framework Proposed 2025 2026

Argentina

From
$500,000 expected
Processing
1 mo
🇦🇹

Austria CBI (Exceptional Services)

Austria

From
€1m+ donation to government projects
Processing
36 mo
🇦🇹

Austria CBI Exceptional Services

Austria

From
€3-10 million
Processing
24 mo
🇪🇬

Egypt CBI Updated

Egypt

From
$250,000 USD minimum donation
Processing
9 mo
🇪🇬

Egypt CBI (updated)

Egypt

From
$250k non-refundable OR $500k property
Processing
10 mo
🇫🇮

Finnish Citizenship by Descent

Finland

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇫🇷

Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)

France

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇬🇷

Greek Citizenship by Descent

Greece

From
Free — admin costs (~€200)
Processing
18 mo
🇭🇺

Citizenship by Descent

Hungary

From
Free
Processing
6 mo
🇮🇪

Citizenship by Descent

Ireland

From
Free (admin fees only)
Processing
6 mo
🇮🇱

Law of Return (Aliyah)

Israel

From
Free (benefits provided)
Processing
3 mo
🇮🇹

Citizenship by Descent (Jure Sanguinis)

Italy

From
Legal fees ~$3,000–10,000
Processing
24 mo
🇱🇻

Citizenship by Descent

Latvia

From
Free
Processing
12 mo
🇩🇪

Citizenship by Descent (§ 4 StAG)

Germany

From
Free (admin fees only)
Processing
12 mo
🇩🇪

Citizenship — Nazi-Era Persecution (§ 15)

Germany

From
Legal fees ~$3,000
Processing
18 mo
🇬🇩

CBI Programme

Grenada

From
$235k donation or $270k real estate
Processing
4 mo
🇯🇴

Jordan CBI (updated)

Jordan

From
JOD 1m bank deposit OR JOD 750k business investment
Processing
3 mo
🇯🇴

Jordan CBI Updated

Jordan

From
$750k-$2m investment
Processing
3 mo
🇱🇹

Citizenship by Descent

Lithuania

From
Free
Processing
12 mo
🇱🇺

Citizenship by Descent (3rd Generation)

Luxembourg

From
Enquire
Processing
12 mo
🇲🇽

Fast-Track Naturalization via Ibero-American Treaty

Mexico

From
Free application
Processing
0 mo
🇲🇩

Citizenship by Descent / Romanian Ancestry Route

Moldova

From
Free if eligible by descent
Processing
6 mo
🇲🇪

Montenegrin Citizenship by Descent

Montenegro

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇳🇱

Dutch Citizenship by Descent

Netherlands

From
Free
Processing
3 mo
🇳🇿

New Zealand Citizenship by Descent

New Zealand

From
NZD$243-490
Processing
8 mo
🇳🇴

Norwegian Citizenship by Descent

Norway

From
Free
Processing
16 mo
🇵🇹

Sephardic Jewish Citizenship

Portugal

From
Legal fees ~$5,000
Processing
12 mo
🇷🇴

Citizenship by Descent

Romania

From
Legal fees ~$2,000
Processing
18 mo
🇲🇺

Mauritius Citizenship by Investment

Mauritius

From
$375k-$500k investment
Processing
6 mo
🇲🇺

Mauritius Citizenship by Investment

Mauritius

From
$375k real estate or $375k investment
Processing
12 mo
🇲🇩

Moldova Citizenship by Investment Programme

Moldova

From
€100k+ fund investment
Processing
3 mo
🇲🇪

Montenegro Citizenship by Investment Programme

Montenegro

From
€250k-€450k investment + €200k donation
Processing
6 mo
🇳🇷

Nauru CBI

Nauru

From
$90k-$115k fund contribution
Processing
3 mo
🇳🇷

Nauru CBI

Nauru

From
$105k donation
Processing
3 mo
🇳🇿

New Zealand Citizenship by Descent

New Zealand

From
NZD$490
Processing
8 mo
🇲🇰

North Macedonia CBI

North Macedonia

From
€200k fund investment or €400k business investment
🇵🇭

Dual Citizenship (RA 9225)

Philippines

From
~$200 admin fee
Processing
3 mo
🇵🇱

Polish Citizenship by Descent

Poland

From
Free — admin costs (~€200)
Processing
24 mo
🇵🇹

Brazil–Portugal Special Reciprocal Status (Estatuto de Igualdade)

Portugal

From
Free
Processing
5 mo
🇵🇹

Citizenship by Descent

Portugal

From
Free (admin fees only)
Processing
12 mo
🇸🇹

CBI Programme (emerging)

São Tomé & Príncipe

From
$90k donation (from)
Processing
2 mo
🇼🇸

Samoa CBI

Samoa

From
$120k donation
Processing
0 mo
🇲🇰

North Macedonia CBI

North Macedonia

From
€200k investment + €100k donation
Processing
8 mo
🌍

Samoa CBI

Unknown

From
US$1.5M+ investment
🌍

Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe Citizenship by Investment

Unknown

From
$90,000 donation
Processing
2 mo
🇷🇸

Serbian Citizenship by Descent

Serbia

From
Free
Processing
12 mo
🇸🇰

Slovak Citizenship by Descent

Slovakia

From
EUR 30-1000
Processing
24 mo
🇸🇮

Slovenian Citizenship by Descent

Slovenia

From
€13 registration fee
Processing
6 mo
🇿🇦

South African Citizenship by Descent

South Africa

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇪🇸

Democratic Memory Law (Grandchildren of Exiles)

Spain

From
Legal fees ~$3,000
Processing
12 mo
🇪🇸

Spanish Citizenship by Descent (Democratic Memory Law)

Spain

From
Free — admin costs only
Processing
24 mo
🇸🇪

Swedish Citizenship by Descent

Sweden

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇱🇨

CBI Programme

Saint Lucia

From
$240k donation, $300k real estate or bonds
Processing
3 mo
🇰🇳

CBI Programme

Saint Kitts and Nevis

From
$250k donation (SDF) or $325k+ real estate
Processing
3 mo
🇹🇷

Turkish Citizenship by Descent

Turkey

From
Free
Processing
0 mo
🇬🇧

British Citizenship by Descent

United Kingdom

From
Free
Processing
6 mo
🇺🇦

Ukrainian Citizenship by Descent

Ukraine

From
Free
Processing
3 mo
🇻🇺

CBI Programme

Vanuatu

From
$130k+ donation (DSP)
Processing
2 mo
🇹🇷

Turkey CBI (updated)

Turkey

From
$400k real estate OR $500k bank deposit/fund
Processing
9 mo
🌍

Tom PR Ncipe CBI Programme Emerging

Unknown

From
$90,000
Processing
2 mo
🇹🇷

Turkey CBI Updated

Turkey

From
$400,000
Processing
9 mo
🇹🇷

Turkey Citizenship by Investment

Turkey

From
$400k real estate or $500k financial
Processing
10 mo
🇦🇷

Argentina CBI Framework (proposed 2025/2026)

Argentina

From
TBC — framework under development
Processing
0 mo

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